Administrative / Other
EXPLAIN, COPY, session settings, extensions, and administrative commands.
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High-throughput data ingestion from external files or streams, bypassing row-by-row INSERT overhead.
COPYBULK INSERTLOAD DATA INFILEbcpSQL*LoaderCOPY INTObulk insertbulk load
Postgres
MySQL
MariaDB
Oracle
SQL Server
SQLite
Redshift
DB2
Snowflake
BigQuery
Display the execution plan chosen by the query optimizer, showing how tables are accessed, joined, and filtered.
EXPLAINEXPLAIN PLANEXPLAIN ANALYZEquery planexecution planquery optimizer
Postgres
MySQL
MariaDB
Oracle
SQL Server
SQLite
Redshift
DB2
Snowflake
BigQuery
A mechanism to add new data types, functions, operators, and storage engines to the database without modifying the core engine.
extensionpluginCREATE EXTENSIONINSTALL PLUGINloadable extensionmodule
Postgres
MySQL
MariaDB
Oracle
SQL Server
SQLite
Redshift
DB2
Snowflake
BigQuery
Query external data sources (other databases, files, or APIs) as if they were local tables.
FDWforeign data wrapperfederated querylinked serverdatabase linkOPENQUERYexternal tableRedshift Spectrum
Postgres
MySQL
MariaDB
Oracle
SQL Server
SQLite
Redshift
DB2
Snowflake
BigQuery
Database-enforced policies that restrict which rows a user can see or modify, based on user identity or role.
RLSrow-level securityCREATE POLICYVPDVirtual Private DatabaseDBMS_RLSsecurity policyrow access policy
Postgres
MySQL
MariaDB
Oracle
SQL Server
SQLite
Redshift
DB2
Snowflake
BigQuery