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Use WITH (Common Table Expressions) in INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements.
with insertwith updatewith deletecte insertcte updatewritable cte
Postgres MySQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server SQLite Redshift DB2 Snowflake BigQuery
Return columns from rows removed by a DELETE statement.
delete returningdelete output
Postgres MySQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server SQLite Redshift DB2 Snowflake BigQuery
Return columns from rows affected by an INSERT statement.
returning clauseinsert returningoutput clauseinsert output
Postgres MySQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server SQLite Redshift DB2 Snowflake BigQuery
Conditionally INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE rows in a target table based on a join with a source.
MERGEMERGE INTOUPSERTSQL:2003 MERGEWHEN MATCHEDWHEN NOT MATCHED
Postgres MySQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server SQLite Redshift DB2 Snowflake BigQuery
Update or delete rows in one table based on a join condition with another table.
multi-table deletedelete joindelete usingmulti-table update
Postgres MySQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server SQLite Redshift DB2 Snowflake BigQuery
Lock selected rows for the duration of a transaction to prevent concurrent modification.
SELECT FOR UPDATEFOR SHAREpessimistic lockingrow lockingUPDLOCK
Postgres MySQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server SQLite Redshift DB2 Snowflake BigQuery
Skip rows that are currently locked by another transaction, enabling efficient job queue patterns.
SKIP LOCKEDSKIP LOCKED DATAREADPASTqueue pattern
Postgres MySQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server SQLite Redshift DB2 Snowflake BigQuery
Remove all rows from a table without logging individual row deletions.
truncate tabletruncate
Postgres MySQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server SQLite Redshift DB2 Snowflake BigQuery
Update rows using data joined from another table.
update fromupdate joinupdate with joinupdate from select
Postgres MySQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server SQLite Redshift DB2 Snowflake BigQuery
Insert a row, or update an existing row when a key conflict occurs.
upsertmergeinsert on conflictinsert on duplicate key updateinsert or replace
Postgres MySQL MariaDB Oracle SQL Server SQLite Redshift DB2 Snowflake BigQuery